A Technical Data Management System (TDMS) is essentially a Document management system (DMS) pertaining to the management of technical and engineering drawings and documents. Often the data are contained in 'records' of various forms, such as on paper, microfilms or digital media. Hence technical data management is also concerned with record management involving technical data. Proper Technical Document Management Systems are essential for executions within large organisations with large scale projects involving engineering. For example, TDMS is a vital function for the successful management of Integrated Steel Plants (ISP), Automobile factories, Aero-space facilities, Infrastructure companies, City Corporations, Research Organisations, etc. In such organisations, Technical Archives or Technical Documentation Centres are created as central facilities for effective management of technical data and records.
TDMS functions are similar to that of conventional archive functions in concepts, except that the archived materials in this case are essentially engineering drawings, survey maps, technical specifications, plant and equipment data sheets, feasibility reports, project reports, operation and maintenance manuals, standards, etc.
Document registration, indexing, repository management, reprography, etc. are parts of TDMS. Various kinds of sophisticated technologies such as document scanners, microfilming and digitization camera units, wide format printers, digital plotters, software, etc. are available now, making TDMS functions an easier process than previous times.
Video Technical data management system
Crucial Constituents of a Technical Data Management System
Technical data refers to both scientific and technical information recorded and presented in any form or manner (excluding financial and management information). A Technical Data Management System is created within an organisation for archiving and sharing information such as technical specifications, datasheets and drawings. Similar to other types of data management system, a Technical Data Management System consists of the 4 crucial constituents mentioned below.
Data planning
Data plans (long-term or short-term) are constructed as the first essential step of a proper and complete TDMS. It is created to ultimately help with the 3 other constituents, Data Acquisition, Data Management and Data sharing. A proper data plan should not exceed 2 pages and should address the following basics:
- Types of data (samples, experiment results, reports, drawings, etc.) and Metadata (Data that summarizes and describes other data. In this case, it refers to details such as sample sizes, experiment conditions and procedures, dates of reports, explanations of drawings, etc.)
- Means of researches and collections of data (field works, experiments in production lines, etc.)
- Costs of researches
- Policies for access, sharing (re-use within the organisation and re-distribution to the public)
- Proposals for archiving data and maintaining access to it
Data Acquisition
Raw Data is collected from Primary Sites of the organisations through the use of modern Technologies. Please reference the table below for examples.
The data collected is then transferred to Technical Data Centres for Data Management.
Data Management
After Data Acquisition, data is sorted out, whilst useful data is archived, unwanted data is disposed. When managing and archiving data, the features below of the data are considered.
- Names, labels, values and descriptions for variables and records. (In the case of TDMS, one example is names of equipments on an equipment datasheet)
- Derived data from the original data, with code, algorithm or command file used to create them. (In the case of TDMS, one example is an expectation report derived from the analysis of an equipment datasheet)
- Metadata associates with the data being archived
Data Sharing
Archived and managed data are accessible to rightful entities. A proper and complete TDMS should share data to a suitable extent, under suitable security, in order to achieve optimal usage of data within the organisation. It aims for easy access when reused by other researchers and hence it enhances other research processes. Data is often referred in other tests and technical specifications, where new analysis is generated, managed and archived again. As a result, data is flowing within the organisation under effective management through the use of TDMS.
Maps Technical data management system
Advantages and disadvantages of usage of Technical Data Management Systems
There are strengths and weakness when using Technical Data Management Systems (TDMS) to archive data. Some of the advantages and disadvantages are listed below.
Advantages
1. Faster and easier data management
Since TDMS is integrated into the organisation's systems, whenever workers develop data files (SolidWorks, AutoCAD, Microsoft Word, etc.), they can also archive and manage data, linking what they need to their current work, at the same time they can also update the archives with useful data. This speeds up working processes and makes them more efficient.
2. Increased security
All data files are centralized, hence internal and external data leakages are less likely to happen, and the data flow is more closely monitored. As a result, data in the organisation is more secured.
3. Increased collaboration within the organisation
Since the data files are centralized and the data flow within the organisation increases, researchers and workers within the organisation are able to work on joint projects. More complex tasks can be performed for higher yields.
4. Compatible to various formats of data
TDMS is compatible to many formats of data, from basic data like Microsoft Words to complex data like voice data. This enhances the quality of the management of data archived.
Disadvantages
1. Higher financial costs
Implementing TDMS into the organisation's systems involves monetary costs. Maintenance costs certain amount of human resources and money as well. These resources involve opportunity costs as they can be utilized in other aspects.
2. Lower stability
Since TDMS manages and centralizes all the data the organisation processes, it links the working processes within the whole organisation together. It also increases the vulnerability of the organisation data network. If TDMS is not stable enough or when it is exposed to hacker and virus attacks, the organisation's data flow might shut down completely, affecting the work in an organisation-wide scale and leading to a lower stability as results.
Comparison between Traditional Data Management Approaches and Technical Data Management Systems
Test engineers and researchers are facing great challenges in turning complex test results and simulation data into usable information for higher yields of firms. These challenges are listed below.
- Increase in complication of designs
- Reduced in time and budgets available
- Higher quality is demanded
Traditional Data Management Approaches
Many organisations are still applying the conventional file management systems, due to the difficulty in building a proper and complete archives for data management.
The first approach is the simple file-folder system. This costs the problem of ineffectiveness as workers and researchers have to manually go through numerous layers of systems and files for the target data. Moreover, the target data may contain files with different formats and these files may not be stored in the same machine. These files are also easily lost if renamed or moved to another location.
The second approach is conventional databases such as Oracle. These databases are capable of enabling easy search and access of data. However, a great drawback is that huge effort for preparing and modeling the data is required. For large-scale projects, huge monetary costs are induced, and extra IT human resources must be employed for constant handling, expanding and maintaining the inflexible system, which is custom for specific tasks, instead of all tasks. In the long-term, it is not cost-effective.
Technical Data Management Systems(TDMS)
TDMS is developed based on 3 principles, flexible and organized file storage, self-scaling hybrid data index, and an interactive post-processing environment. The system in practical, mainly consists of 3 components, data files with essential and relevant Metadata, data finders for organizing and managing data regardless of files formats, and, a software of searching, analyzing and reporting. With Metadata attached to original data files, the data finder can identify different related data files during searches, even if they are in different file formats. TDMS hence allows researchers to search for data like browsing the Internet. Last but not least, it can adapt to changes and update itself according to the changes, unlike databases.
Comparison between Strong Information Systems and Weak Information Systems
Complex organizations may need large amounts of technical information, which can be distributed among several independent archives. Existing approaches span from "no integration" to "strong integration", that is based on a common database or product model. The so-called "Weak Information Systems" (WIS) lie somewhere in the middle. Their basic concept is to add to the pre-existing information a new layer of multiple partial models of products and processes, so that it is possible to reuse existing databases, to reduce the development from scratch, and to provide evolutionary paths relevant for the development of the WIS. Each partial model may include specific knowledge and it acts as a way to structure and access the information according to a specific user view. The comparison between strong and weak information systems may be summarized as follows:
The architecture of a weak information system is composed of:
- information sources (databases, computational programs, ...);
- the integration layer.
The integration layer comprises the following sub-layers:
- abstraction layer (information models);
- communication layer between models and information sources;
- communication layer between models and humans (human-computer interface).
Technical Data Management Systems in terms of regulations in different countries
In some countries, such as in the US, record and document management are considered very vital functions, and much stress is given in the management of Technical Archives. Records and documents coming under the public domain are governed by appropriate laws. However, this has not been so in many underdeveloped and developing nations. For example, India enacted the ' Public Records Act' in 1993. However, many in the country are not aware of the existence of such a law or its importance.
Applications and Examples of Technical Data Management Systems
Technical Data Management Systems (TDMS) are widely applied across the globe, in different sectors. Some of the examples are listed below.
- Voith Hydro tests models of the power plant turbines, including 4 main program parts, engine characteristics values, oscillation and cavitation, and transfer data from 1 program part to the next one using TDMS.
- Danburykline created a knowledge and data platform, SOROS, which is following the wiki based approach. It aims to represent data in accessible and simple forms.
- Berghof develops and provides a TDMS to simplify and manage data for development of firms including automobile firms. This TDMS enables reserve of data, centralization of data volumes on an online server. It is also compatible to Windows PC and many other systems.
- This journal proposes the use of Cloud TDMS in third world countries for higher education purposes. Republic of Sudan is the model in this journal. Some of the solutions mentioned include online course delivery and online assignments and tests for greater class participation. Weaknesses mentioned include high financial costs and the fact that underdeveloped countries have not enough infrastructure to support such proposal.
- This journal is about text simplification. The purpose of this text simplification project in the journal is to simplify high level knowledge in English, so that students in high level studies who do not have sufficient English foundations can learn about these knowledge and data more easily. The method to do so suggested by the journal is to introduce a TDMS that can transform complicated English words into easier words. A problem with this project is that the Internet is flooded with useless information and it is very difficult to sort out useful information for simplification.
- This journal mentions about River Basin Information System (RBIS), which monitors data of different parts of a river basin, in order to identify which parts of the basin are gauging. Data is dynamic and lots of information has to be taken, which is impossible to do it manually. RBIS can help with this but one current weakness is that there are only 2 synoptic stations working (Kara and Niamtougou), whilst the rest are out of order.
Data mining
Data mining is an important criteria in constructing a technical Data Management System. For example, in building a E-commence platform, TDMS is needed to search and display information about the products. It indicates that it is essential to gather information from other systems, to archive and manage it properly, and finally, to share it to users.
See also
Data Management System
Data mining
Database
Information Systems Research
Further reading
http://airccse.org/journal/ijdms/papers/7115ijdms03.pdf
https://seer.lcc.ufmg.br/index.php/jidm
External links
- http://airccse.org/journal/ijdms/Editorialboard.html
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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